LOS BILLETES DEL BANCO NACIONAL DE COSTA RICA, QUE CIRCULARON EN EL ECUADOR CACAOTERO

Abstract

The declaration of independence towards the Spanish Crown, of the old captaincies, royal audiences, viceroyalties and other administrative and political structures of the former viceregal stage, gave rise to the emergence of free and independent States, which sustained their productive system on the economic model liberal, supported mainly in agricultural production; This is the case of Ecuador, whose cocoa production allowed it to enter the world market, being recognized as the “first cocoa exporting country”; That production and the income of working capital, gave rise in principle to the emergence of “cocoa trading houses” and later to national capital banking, or private banking; Indeed, the closure of the Quito Mint in 1863 facilitated the positioning of these banking institutions, which were also introducers of monetary species in cash, under the sign of “pesos”, before 1884, from that millennium , in “sucres”. In 1858 in San José, Costa Rica, the “National Bank of Costa Rica” was created, it only works for one year, after its closure, the paper monetary species, that is, its bills created in various denominations, had to be destroyed, strictly speaking. of the inconvertibility due to the closure, curiously that did not happen, years later in 1871 its namesake was established in Guayaquil, which, like the one in Costa Rica, only works for one year, the number of bills that circulated is unknown but it is a clear proof of the power of the plutocracy, whose structural component was the private bank, during a good part of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, when in Ecuador the absence of financial control institutions was evident.